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Introduction
To be clear, this webbook is about the history of Hispanics in what is now the U.S. mainland, an effort to fill some huge gaps in American history books and classrooms. So why a webbook? Because more people are reading the Internet than paper books nowadays, because short, stand-alone chapters can be promoted individually through social media, and because my students constantly tell me, "Professor, your pictures make the reading so interesting." It's true. Without my photos, this would just be a great book! (lol) But if I tried to publish a paper book with the writing and photography in this website, it would have to be one of those fancy, coffee table books that my students couldn't afford. So I have concluded that this webbook is the best solution. And so what if I don't make money from publishing a paperback or hardcover textbook? If I can help Americans reconnect with their Hispanic roots, I'm rich! |
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The Hispanic Reconquest of American History
Hidden Hispanic Heritage
The Great Hispanic American History Tour
Introduction:
I didn't ask for this. I was perfectly happy with my life as a journalist. And yet, little by little, in ways that are still hard to explain, my life turned me into a historian! I think it's all based on passion. I never though anything could top my passion for writing news, and covering the U.S. Hispanic community, until I discovered my passion for writing history, especially the Hispanic events and contributions that have been whitewashed by American history.
For me, there came a point when Hispanic history became more important than Hispanic news. But it was a slow process, and it was the news that led me to the history!
Ironically, it was during Hispanic Heritage Month that I began to develop an interest in our hidden Hispanic heritage, -- not because of how much history we were all learning during that month, but because, as a reporter, I would discover how little Hispanic history we actually know!
In the late 1970s and the 1980s, I was a reporter and columnist for The New York Daily News, and my job was to cover the Hispanic community - the good, the bad and the ugly. Everything from a parade to a hostage standoff involving Latinos, writing about it was my job.
Some of these assignments would obviously seem more difficult than others, and interviewing parade marchers would seem not be difficult. Yet, amazingly, parades were always a struggle! As a reporter, you want a variety of opinions. You don’t want everyone telling you the same thing, because you don't want to repeat the same quotes in your story. But it was always difficult to get a variety of quotes to illustrate my stories. I would approach young Latinos who were marching in beautiful ethnic costumes, and I would ask them a simple question: "Why are you here?"
And I would always get the same answer: “Because I’m very proud of being Hispanic,” they would say. And the next, and the next and the next person would tell me exactly the same thing.
It was frustrating. “So why are you proud of being Hispanic?” I would insist.
And much to my amazement, they had nothing more to say. It was as if someone had zippered their lips! Zilch! Nada!
So that’s when I knew we have a huge problem. That's when I began to write about how little we know.
But then something happened that would intensify my interest in U.S. Hispanic history. During one of those Hispanic Heritage Months, I was assigned to interview and write a feature story about a historian who had just received a huge grant to go around the country researching Hispanic American history. His name was Joe Monserrat. I had already met Monserrat. He was a Puerto Rican educator and scholar who had led Hispanic community organizations and served on the NYC Board of Education.
So I set up an interview with Monserrat, and I met with him in his office, where he proceed to embarrass the hell out of me!
“Oh, so you cover the Hispanic community, right? he asked. “Let’s see how much you know!”
Mind you, I was already in my late 20s and, since I grew up in Florida, I had some knowledge of the Ponce de Leon discovery and the establishment of St. Augustine. I thought I knew a moderate amount of the history of the Spanish presence in what is now the United States.
And then Monserrat proceeded to ask me a series of questions, most of which I could not answer, making me feel exactly like the people who had zippered their lips at the parades. It was a revelation! I had so much more to learn!
Joe Monserrat became my mentor. After that initial interview, I had him as a frequent guest on my radio and TV shows. On my live talk-radio program on Radio WADO is Spanish, we would have 3-hour discussions with dozens of callers. On television, when I hosted a half-hour show called Images/Imagenes on the New Jersey Network, the producers ran out of the control room after we had finished tapping, insisting that Monserrat had stick around so we could record a second show. They were so impressed with our discussion that they wouldn’t let him leave! Of course, by that time, I had become a Hispanic history buff and a Monserrat disciple. I knew what questions to ask. That interview in Youtube.
Monserrat died before he finished a book he intended to write. And as his disciple, I’ve carried the torch, to continue shining some light on our hidden Hispanic heritage.
Since I was an opinion columnist, able to pick my own topics to write about, I decided that every so often -- instead of current events — I would write a history column.
I would research a topic, like for example, The Black Legend, or the first Thanksgiving, and then write a column about it. Some of those columns were written for The Bergen Record in NJ, and some for the Creators Syndicate, and so they were distributed and published in many newspapers around the country.
Even after I left my full-time job as a journalist and became a full-time journalism professor at Lehman College, CUNY, in 2007, I continued writing my syndicated opinion column, including many more history columns, for several years. And so my series was already up to 27 parts when I gathered them all together and launched my HiddenHispanicHeritage.com website on Oct. 16, 2012.
But I was teaching only journalism, both news writing and TV production courses. I even became chair of the department!
And yet my passion for Hispanic history was pulling me in a different direction. So in 2014, with the goal of expanding my series,
with the goal of creating this course, Lehman gave me a leave of absence so I could go on my Great Hispanic American History.
As a journalist, I felt the need to
Even before I did a lot of traveling,
Those are some of the chapters you have been reading!
I started to teach this course in the Spring of 2017, while I also kept teaching journalism. That’s also when my students began building our Timeline.
In the summer of 2018, I went back on the road for my California Road Trip and revised the course to include much more about California. And in 2019, I retired from teaching journalism and kept teaching this course, always revising it to try to fit more information into a one-semester course.
But which direction should I take now? You should know that based on what we are doing this semester, I’m actually creating a Blackboard template that other professors would be able to use to teach my course throughout CUNY. Some of my former students are interested in teaching my course!
And the other obvious option, of course, is for me to turn all the writing I have already done into a book. I’m convinced that, because of my promotions on social media, the website already gets more readers than I would get from a history book.
Granted, there is a certain status that comes from writing history book. But this is my dilemma: What kind of a history book would I write — with or without photos?
As you guys keep telling me, my stories are so much easier to follow because of my photos. But if I tried to use my color photos in a book, it would have to be one of those huge coffee table books that few people can afford, especially students!
That is the main reason why my website is not already a book. Readers is what I want, and on the website I can get them much easier than with a book.
So now I have given you the “Timeline” that led to this course. I hope you understand me and my course a little better now. Thanks for hearing me out.
For me, there came a point when Hispanic history became more important than Hispanic news. But it was a slow process, and it was the news that led me to the history!
Ironically, it was during Hispanic Heritage Month that I began to develop an interest in our hidden Hispanic heritage, -- not because of how much history we were all learning during that month, but because, as a reporter, I would discover how little Hispanic history we actually know!
In the late 1970s and the 1980s, I was a reporter and columnist for The New York Daily News, and my job was to cover the Hispanic community - the good, the bad and the ugly. Everything from a parade to a hostage standoff involving Latinos, writing about it was my job.
Some of these assignments would obviously seem more difficult than others, and interviewing parade marchers would seem not be difficult. Yet, amazingly, parades were always a struggle! As a reporter, you want a variety of opinions. You don’t want everyone telling you the same thing, because you don't want to repeat the same quotes in your story. But it was always difficult to get a variety of quotes to illustrate my stories. I would approach young Latinos who were marching in beautiful ethnic costumes, and I would ask them a simple question: "Why are you here?"
And I would always get the same answer: “Because I’m very proud of being Hispanic,” they would say. And the next, and the next and the next person would tell me exactly the same thing.
It was frustrating. “So why are you proud of being Hispanic?” I would insist.
And much to my amazement, they had nothing more to say. It was as if someone had zippered their lips! Zilch! Nada!
So that’s when I knew we have a huge problem. That's when I began to write about how little we know.
But then something happened that would intensify my interest in U.S. Hispanic history. During one of those Hispanic Heritage Months, I was assigned to interview and write a feature story about a historian who had just received a huge grant to go around the country researching Hispanic American history. His name was Joe Monserrat. I had already met Monserrat. He was a Puerto Rican educator and scholar who had led Hispanic community organizations and served on the NYC Board of Education.
So I set up an interview with Monserrat, and I met with him in his office, where he proceed to embarrass the hell out of me!
“Oh, so you cover the Hispanic community, right? he asked. “Let’s see how much you know!”
Mind you, I was already in my late 20s and, since I grew up in Florida, I had some knowledge of the Ponce de Leon discovery and the establishment of St. Augustine. I thought I knew a moderate amount of the history of the Spanish presence in what is now the United States.
And then Monserrat proceeded to ask me a series of questions, most of which I could not answer, making me feel exactly like the people who had zippered their lips at the parades. It was a revelation! I had so much more to learn!
Joe Monserrat became my mentor. After that initial interview, I had him as a frequent guest on my radio and TV shows. On my live talk-radio program on Radio WADO is Spanish, we would have 3-hour discussions with dozens of callers. On television, when I hosted a half-hour show called Images/Imagenes on the New Jersey Network, the producers ran out of the control room after we had finished tapping, insisting that Monserrat had stick around so we could record a second show. They were so impressed with our discussion that they wouldn’t let him leave! Of course, by that time, I had become a Hispanic history buff and a Monserrat disciple. I knew what questions to ask. That interview in Youtube.
Monserrat died before he finished a book he intended to write. And as his disciple, I’ve carried the torch, to continue shining some light on our hidden Hispanic heritage.
Since I was an opinion columnist, able to pick my own topics to write about, I decided that every so often -- instead of current events — I would write a history column.
I would research a topic, like for example, The Black Legend, or the first Thanksgiving, and then write a column about it. Some of those columns were written for The Bergen Record in NJ, and some for the Creators Syndicate, and so they were distributed and published in many newspapers around the country.
Even after I left my full-time job as a journalist and became a full-time journalism professor at Lehman College, CUNY, in 2007, I continued writing my syndicated opinion column, including many more history columns, for several years. And so my series was already up to 27 parts when I gathered them all together and launched my HiddenHispanicHeritage.com website on Oct. 16, 2012.
But I was teaching only journalism, both news writing and TV production courses. I even became chair of the department!
And yet my passion for Hispanic history was pulling me in a different direction. So in 2014, with the goal of expanding my series,
with the goal of creating this course, Lehman gave me a leave of absence so I could go on my Great Hispanic American History.
As a journalist, I felt the need to
Even before I did a lot of traveling,
Those are some of the chapters you have been reading!
I started to teach this course in the Spring of 2017, while I also kept teaching journalism. That’s also when my students began building our Timeline.
In the summer of 2018, I went back on the road for my California Road Trip and revised the course to include much more about California. And in 2019, I retired from teaching journalism and kept teaching this course, always revising it to try to fit more information into a one-semester course.
But which direction should I take now? You should know that based on what we are doing this semester, I’m actually creating a Blackboard template that other professors would be able to use to teach my course throughout CUNY. Some of my former students are interested in teaching my course!
And the other obvious option, of course, is for me to turn all the writing I have already done into a book. I’m convinced that, because of my promotions on social media, the website already gets more readers than I would get from a history book.
Granted, there is a certain status that comes from writing history book. But this is my dilemma: What kind of a history book would I write — with or without photos?
As you guys keep telling me, my stories are so much easier to follow because of my photos. But if I tried to use my color photos in a book, it would have to be one of those huge coffee table books that few people can afford, especially students!
That is the main reason why my website is not already a book. Readers is what I want, and on the website I can get them much easier than with a book.
So now I have given you the “Timeline” that led to this course. I hope you understand me and my course a little better now. Thanks for hearing me out.
Chapters:
SECTION 1: FIESTA MONTH, TWO CITIES, THE BLACK LEGEND AND FLORIDA:
Now That Fiesta Month Is Here, Can We Talk About Heritage?
A Tale of Two Cities - Jamestown and St. Augustine
The Black Legend Returns
Whitman's Prophetic Letter
SECTION ?? LAND OF FLOWERS
14. Our Quincentennial is Coming!
15. American Discovery Day
23. What a Birthday to Forget!
Florida's 500th Birthday Should Be a National Holiday
The Fountain Of Our Hispanic Heritage
The Re-Conquest Of American History
42. Marking America's Birthplace
SECTION 2: HOLIDAYS, DISCOVERIES, WARS AND BIGOTS:
Our Pre-Mayflower Thanksgivings
America's First Christmas was celebrated in Spanish
Cabeza de Vaca's Journey and Discovery of Native American Gay Marriage
The Grand Canyon and the Bucket List of Hispanic Heritage
The Conveniently 'Forgotten War'
Hyphenated and Proud!
Exalted or Offended?
SECTION 3: LANGUAGE, RACE, ETHNICITY AND DENIAL:
Speak Any Spanish Lately? How about Spanglish?
We are all 'Americanos'
Hispanics Come in All Colors (The Discovery of White Hispanics)
Hispanics or Latinos?
Hollywood's Hidden Hispanic Heritage
Hispanics in Denial Should Be Infamous
The 'Discovery' of Self-Loathing Hispanics
SECTIONS 4 & 5: TIMELINE - BY LEHMAN COLLEGE STUDENTS
• 16th Century • 17th Century • 18th Century
SECTION ??: THE GREAT HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORY TOUR/I
From Tampa to New Orleans - June 2014/January 2015
47. My Pilgrimage to San Xavier
48. The Great Hispanic American History Tour
49. On the Trail of Conquistadors
50. Beyond St. Augustine
51. David G. Farragut: A Hidden Hispanic Role Model
52. The Hispanic Flank Of the American Revolution
53. New Orleans Has a Spanish ‘Ne Sais Quoi’
SECTION ??: THE GREAT HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORY TOUR/II
From Galveston to San Antonio - June 2014/January 2015
54. Galveston: Still the Isle of Misfortune?
56. 'Remember The Alamo' Was a Spanish Mission
55. Extracting Compacted History Unveils Hidden Hispanic Heritage
57. San Antonio: The Showcase Of Our Hispanic Heritage
58. There Was Compassion On the Spanish Mission Trail
59. Adina De Zavala: Hidden Latina Role Model
60. Time Portals on the Road
SECTION 8: THE GREAT HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORY TOUR/III
61. The First Thanksgiving In the (Southwest) United States
62. The World's Biggest Statue Of a Nameless Horseback Rider
63. A River Runs Through Our Hispanic Heritage
64. A Beacon of Hope On a Border Mountaintop
65. A Mexican-American Town
66. The Crossroads of Conquistadors
SECTION 9: THE GREAT HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORY TOUR/IV
67. Hiking In Search of Coronado's Trail
68. The Real American Pioneers
69. Keeping My Pledge to San Xavier
70. If They Knew Arizona's History, They Wouldn't Be So Xenophobic
71. 'Tucson' is a Spanish Adaptation
72. Under a Utah Lake, Hispanic Heritage Lives
73. A Hilltop View Of Hispanic Heritage
SECTION 10: THE GREAT HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORY TOUR COMES HOME TO NEW YORK
74. Searching for Coronado's Quivira
75. The Spanish Savior of St. Louis
76. Jefferson's Spanish Library
NEW YORK
Our Hispanic Heritage: On Exhibit and Yet Hidden
Obliviously Living in 'The Land of Estevan Gomez'
Jose Marti: His Legacy Lives Here
• NYC Hispanic Landmarks • NYC Hispanic Art
1613 - Juan Rodriguez Becomes First Manhattan Immigrant
Father Félix Varela: Saluting an Exile
WASHINGTON, D.C.
77. When Galvez Came to Congress
78. A Tour of Our Extraordinarily Hispanic U.S. Capitol
79. Searching for Not-S0-Hidden Hispanic Heritage in Washington, DC
80. Smithsonian Omits Hispanics In U.S. History Exhibit
A Long-Overdue Museum
The Fight for a Latino Museum
SECTION ??: CALIFORNIA ROAD TRIP - San Diego - 2018
82. International Friendship Park at U.S.-Mexico Border - A Jagged Corner of the World
83. Old Town San Diego State Historic Park
84. Cabrillo National Monument
85. It took more than 2 centuries
86. Presidio Park: The Birthplace of the Spanish Colonization of California
87. Junípero Serra Museum Transcends the Story of a Great Man
88. Mission Basilica San Diego de Alcalá: California's First Spanish Mission
89. Old Mission (Padre) Dam: California's First Aqueduct
90. Even at the beach in San Diego, you can't avoid Spanish history
91. Chicano Park: Mexican-American painted under highway ramps
92. Balboa Park: Candy for your eyes amid a painful controversy!
93. San Diego: An American Town Named After the Saint from Alcalá
SECTION ??: CALIFORNIA ROAD TRIP - From San Luis to La Purisima - 2018
94. San Luis Rey de Francia: The King of the California Missions
95. San Antonio de Pala: A Sub-Mission to Reach the Natives of the Interior
96. San Juan Capistrano: The Home of the Mission Swallows from Argentina
97. San Gabriel Arcángel: A Mission that Launched Cities
98. El Pueblo de la Reina de Los Ángeles: Hispanics had to be imported
99. La Plaza de Cultura y Artes: A Walk through Mexican-American History
100. Strolling the Hispanic Walk of Fame
101. San Fernando Rey de España Teaches California's Colonial History
102. Mission San Buenaventura Survived Earthquakes and Pirates
103. Father Serra Cross: On a hill, overlooking the land he shepherded
104. The Birthplace of Santa Barbara
105. The Queen of the Spanish Missions
106. Mission Santa Ines: Built to relieve other overcrowded missions
107. Mission La Purísima Concepcion: Going back in time to Spanish California
Now That Fiesta Month Is Here, Can We Talk About Heritage?
A Tale of Two Cities - Jamestown and St. Augustine
The Black Legend Returns
Whitman's Prophetic Letter
SECTION ?? LAND OF FLOWERS
14. Our Quincentennial is Coming!
15. American Discovery Day
23. What a Birthday to Forget!
Florida's 500th Birthday Should Be a National Holiday
The Fountain Of Our Hispanic Heritage
The Re-Conquest Of American History
42. Marking America's Birthplace
SECTION 2: HOLIDAYS, DISCOVERIES, WARS AND BIGOTS:
Our Pre-Mayflower Thanksgivings
America's First Christmas was celebrated in Spanish
Cabeza de Vaca's Journey and Discovery of Native American Gay Marriage
The Grand Canyon and the Bucket List of Hispanic Heritage
The Conveniently 'Forgotten War'
Hyphenated and Proud!
Exalted or Offended?
SECTION 3: LANGUAGE, RACE, ETHNICITY AND DENIAL:
Speak Any Spanish Lately? How about Spanglish?
We are all 'Americanos'
Hispanics Come in All Colors (The Discovery of White Hispanics)
Hispanics or Latinos?
Hollywood's Hidden Hispanic Heritage
Hispanics in Denial Should Be Infamous
The 'Discovery' of Self-Loathing Hispanics
SECTIONS 4 & 5: TIMELINE - BY LEHMAN COLLEGE STUDENTS
• 16th Century • 17th Century • 18th Century
SECTION ??: THE GREAT HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORY TOUR/I
From Tampa to New Orleans - June 2014/January 2015
47. My Pilgrimage to San Xavier
48. The Great Hispanic American History Tour
49. On the Trail of Conquistadors
50. Beyond St. Augustine
51. David G. Farragut: A Hidden Hispanic Role Model
52. The Hispanic Flank Of the American Revolution
53. New Orleans Has a Spanish ‘Ne Sais Quoi’
SECTION ??: THE GREAT HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORY TOUR/II
From Galveston to San Antonio - June 2014/January 2015
54. Galveston: Still the Isle of Misfortune?
56. 'Remember The Alamo' Was a Spanish Mission
55. Extracting Compacted History Unveils Hidden Hispanic Heritage
57. San Antonio: The Showcase Of Our Hispanic Heritage
58. There Was Compassion On the Spanish Mission Trail
59. Adina De Zavala: Hidden Latina Role Model
60. Time Portals on the Road
SECTION 8: THE GREAT HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORY TOUR/III
61. The First Thanksgiving In the (Southwest) United States
62. The World's Biggest Statue Of a Nameless Horseback Rider
63. A River Runs Through Our Hispanic Heritage
64. A Beacon of Hope On a Border Mountaintop
65. A Mexican-American Town
66. The Crossroads of Conquistadors
SECTION 9: THE GREAT HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORY TOUR/IV
67. Hiking In Search of Coronado's Trail
68. The Real American Pioneers
69. Keeping My Pledge to San Xavier
70. If They Knew Arizona's History, They Wouldn't Be So Xenophobic
71. 'Tucson' is a Spanish Adaptation
72. Under a Utah Lake, Hispanic Heritage Lives
73. A Hilltop View Of Hispanic Heritage
SECTION 10: THE GREAT HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORY TOUR COMES HOME TO NEW YORK
74. Searching for Coronado's Quivira
75. The Spanish Savior of St. Louis
76. Jefferson's Spanish Library
NEW YORK
Our Hispanic Heritage: On Exhibit and Yet Hidden
Obliviously Living in 'The Land of Estevan Gomez'
Jose Marti: His Legacy Lives Here
• NYC Hispanic Landmarks • NYC Hispanic Art
1613 - Juan Rodriguez Becomes First Manhattan Immigrant
Father Félix Varela: Saluting an Exile
WASHINGTON, D.C.
77. When Galvez Came to Congress
78. A Tour of Our Extraordinarily Hispanic U.S. Capitol
79. Searching for Not-S0-Hidden Hispanic Heritage in Washington, DC
80. Smithsonian Omits Hispanics In U.S. History Exhibit
A Long-Overdue Museum
The Fight for a Latino Museum
SECTION ??: CALIFORNIA ROAD TRIP - San Diego - 2018
82. International Friendship Park at U.S.-Mexico Border - A Jagged Corner of the World
83. Old Town San Diego State Historic Park
84. Cabrillo National Monument
85. It took more than 2 centuries
86. Presidio Park: The Birthplace of the Spanish Colonization of California
87. Junípero Serra Museum Transcends the Story of a Great Man
88. Mission Basilica San Diego de Alcalá: California's First Spanish Mission
89. Old Mission (Padre) Dam: California's First Aqueduct
90. Even at the beach in San Diego, you can't avoid Spanish history
91. Chicano Park: Mexican-American painted under highway ramps
92. Balboa Park: Candy for your eyes amid a painful controversy!
93. San Diego: An American Town Named After the Saint from Alcalá
SECTION ??: CALIFORNIA ROAD TRIP - From San Luis to La Purisima - 2018
94. San Luis Rey de Francia: The King of the California Missions
95. San Antonio de Pala: A Sub-Mission to Reach the Natives of the Interior
96. San Juan Capistrano: The Home of the Mission Swallows from Argentina
97. San Gabriel Arcángel: A Mission that Launched Cities
98. El Pueblo de la Reina de Los Ángeles: Hispanics had to be imported
99. La Plaza de Cultura y Artes: A Walk through Mexican-American History
100. Strolling the Hispanic Walk of Fame
101. San Fernando Rey de España Teaches California's Colonial History
102. Mission San Buenaventura Survived Earthquakes and Pirates
103. Father Serra Cross: On a hill, overlooking the land he shepherded
104. The Birthplace of Santa Barbara
105. The Queen of the Spanish Missions
106. Mission Santa Ines: Built to relieve other overcrowded missions
107. Mission La Purísima Concepcion: Going back in time to Spanish California
SECTION ??: OUR LATIN AMERICAN ROOTS
Our Pre-Hispanic Heritage - From Chichen Itza, Mexico
Our Spanish Heritage - From Cartagena, Colombia
Columbus Deserves His Day
Two Good Places to Rest - Seville and Santo Domingo
America’s Cradle - From Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Guantanamo Has a History June 4, 2013
------------------------------
5. Even on HBO, The Black Legend Lives
9. Latinos are Failing
20. Politicizing Education
34. Exposing the Social Media Bigots June 18, 2013
35. Thinking of Cusi On the Fourth of July
37. Let's Build a Timeline Of Hispanic-American History
38. In the Name of Heritage
45. Super Bowl Coke Commercial Draws Out Ugly Americans
HIDDEN HISPANIC ROLE MODELS
Jose Marti: His Legacy Lives Here
David G. Farragut: A Hidden Hispanic Role Model
Adina De Zavala: Hidden Latina Role Model
Father Félix Varela: Saluting an Exile
NYC Hispanic Landmarks
HISTORIC HISPANIC HOLIDAYS
Our Pre-Mayflower Thanksgivings
America's First Christmas was celebrated in Spanish
A Hispanic Christmas
A Time To Welcome the Spirits
Happy Three Kings Day!
Our Pre-Hispanic Heritage - From Chichen Itza, Mexico
Our Spanish Heritage - From Cartagena, Colombia
Columbus Deserves His Day
Two Good Places to Rest - Seville and Santo Domingo
America’s Cradle - From Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Guantanamo Has a History June 4, 2013
------------------------------
5. Even on HBO, The Black Legend Lives
9. Latinos are Failing
20. Politicizing Education
34. Exposing the Social Media Bigots June 18, 2013
35. Thinking of Cusi On the Fourth of July
37. Let's Build a Timeline Of Hispanic-American History
38. In the Name of Heritage
45. Super Bowl Coke Commercial Draws Out Ugly Americans
HIDDEN HISPANIC ROLE MODELS
Jose Marti: His Legacy Lives Here
David G. Farragut: A Hidden Hispanic Role Model
Adina De Zavala: Hidden Latina Role Model
Father Félix Varela: Saluting an Exile
NYC Hispanic Landmarks
HISTORIC HISPANIC HOLIDAYS
Our Pre-Mayflower Thanksgivings
America's First Christmas was celebrated in Spanish
A Hispanic Christmas
A Time To Welcome the Spirits
Happy Three Kings Day!
